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- $Unique_ID{BRK03485}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Arachnoiditis}
- $Subject{Arachnoiditis Chronic Adhesive Arachnoiditis Arachnitis Serous
- Circumscribed Meningitis Spinal Arachnoiditis Cerebral Arachnoiditis Adhesive
- Arachnoiditis Arachnoiditis Ossificans (Spinal Ossifying Arachnoiditis)
- Neoplastic Arachnoiditis Optochiasmatic Arachnoiditis Postmyelographic
- Arachnoiditis Rhinosinusogenic Cerebral Arachnoiditis Leptomeningitis
- Epiduritis Pseudotumor Cerebri}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 444:
- Arachnoiditis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Arachnoiditis) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Chronic Adhesive Arachnoiditis
- Arachnitis
- Serous Circumscribed Meningitis
- Spinal Arachnoiditis
- Cerebral Arachnoiditis
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
-
- Adhesive Arachnoiditis
- Arachnoiditis Ossificans (Spinal Ossifying Arachnoiditis)
- Neoplastic Arachnoiditis
- Optochiasmatic Arachnoiditis
- Postmyelographic Arachnoiditis
- Rhinosinusogenic Cerebral Arachnoiditis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Leptomeningitis
- Epiduritis
- Pseudotumor Cerebri
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources
- section of this report.
-
- Arachnoiditis is a progressive inflammatory disorder affecting the middle
- membrane surrounding the spinal cord and brain (arachnoid membrane). Either
- the spinal cord or the brain may be involved; in some cases both are
- affected. This disorder can also be associated with Meningitis. The
- condition may be caused by foreign solutions such as anesthesia drugs or
- testing dyes injected into the spine or arachnoid membrane.
-
- Symptoms
-
- When the brain is involved, symptoms of Arachnoiditis include severe
- headaches, vision disturbances, dizziness, nausea and/or vomiting. When the
- spine is affected, pain, unusual sensations, weakness, and paralysis can
- develop. The disorder usually begins unexpectedly with gradual loss of
- sensations and movement of the lower back and legs. Inflammation, muscle
- atrophy, weakness, and involuntary twitching of muscles often occur. In the
- most severe cases, loss of vision and/or paralysis may develop. Fibrous
- tissue may thicken the arachnoid membrane which can also harden or ossify in
- some cases.
-
- Causes
-
- Arachnoiditis can be a complication of meningitis, or when injected solutions
- such as anesthesia or testing dyes reach the membranes. An immune deficiency
- in the blood may also contribute to development of this disorder.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Arachnoiditis is a rare disorder affecting males and females in equal
- numbers. Individuals who have had spinal surgery, injection of foreign
- fluids into the spinal area such as dye or anesthesia, or injuries to the
- spine or head may be at greater risk to develop this disorder.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Arachnoiditis.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Leptomeningitis is characterized by inflammation of the soft membranes
- surrounding the brain and spinal cord including the pia mater and arachnoid
- membrane. Inflammation is centered in membranes at the base of the brain.
- This disorder is thought to be a complication of chronic meningitis.
-
- Epiduritis is characterized by inflammation of the outer tough fibrous
- membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord known as the dura mater.
-
- Pseudotumor Cerebri is a condition simulating the presence of a tumor
- inside the skull (intracranial), probably related to congested vessels or
- swelling of the brain. The exact cause of this disorder is usually not
- known. Onset and symptoms often appear and resolve spontaneously.
- Headaches, vision problems, and some degree of paralysis may be associated
- with increased pressure inside the skull. This condition is more common in
- women between twenty and fifty years of age.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Arachnoiditis consists of a combination of surgery and drug
- therapy. Surgical removal of adhesions and accumulations of foreign fluids
- from the arachnoid membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord may be
- helpful in some cases, especially if pressure develops. Additionally, the
- anti-tumor drugs cyclophosphamide or nitrogen mustard may improve headaches
- and vision loss in some cases. Anti-inflammatory drugs may be recommended.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- In very rare case, when Arachnoiditis is caused by a parasitic infection, the
- drug praziquinatel showed benefits for at least a year in forty-seven percent
- of arachnoiditis patients in one study. However, in the United States, most
- cases of Arachnoiditis are not caused by parasites.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Arachnoiditis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The Arachnoiditis Information and Support Network
- P.O. Box 1166
- Ballwin, MO 63021
- (314) 394-5741 or (201) 239-8870
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- American Paraplegia Society
- 432 Park Avenue South
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 686-6770
-
- Spinal Cord Society
- 2410 Lakeview Drive
- Fergus Falls, MN 56537
-
- Spinal Cord Injury Hotline
- 2201 Argonne Drive
- Baltimore, MD 21218
- (800) 526-3456
- (800) 638-1733 (In MD)
-
- National Spinal Cord Injury Association
- 600 W. Cummings Park, Suite 2000
- Woburn, MA 01801
-
- References
-
- SPINAL ARACHNOIDITIS DUE TO ASPERGILLUS MENINGITIS IN A PREVIOUSLY HEALTHY
- PATIENT: F.A. Van de Wyngaert, et al.; J Neurol (February 1986, issue
- 233(1)). Pp. 41-43.
-
- PATHOGENESIS OF POSTMYELOGRAPHIC ARACHNOIDITIS: J.C. Garancis, et al.;
- Invest Radiol (Jan-Feb 1985, issue 20(1)). Pp. 85-89.
-
- SPINAL OSSIFYING ARACHNOIDITIS. CASE REPORT: F. Tomasello, et al.; J
- Neurosurg Sci (Oct-Dec 1985, issue 29(4)). Pp. 335-340.
-
-